One of my buddies suggested I
should consider writing a weekly flight training blog. I do not know if I have enough original
information for a weekly blog but since we are not paid to be original or
creative as much as safe and effective I will give it a go. I currently have students in private,
instrument, commercial and flight instructor training. I will attempt to update regularly.
“There is nothing hard about
flying; two or three hundred really easy things that will kill you if you do
not do them correctly but nothing hard.”
Below is my current private pilot
syllabus. It evolved from the Jeppesen
syllabus, which is the one the USAF aeroclub used in Kadena
AB, Okinawa,
Japan when I
started flight training. I refined it to
make it more effective for my students.
Private Pilot Flight Syllabus
Training will be tailored to the
individual. Training normally consists
of three stages: Stage one pre-solo,
Stage two cross country and beyond, and Stage three checkride preparations.
Stage I:
Preparation for solo flight. Minimum
training is outlined in 14 CFR 61.87.
This stage forms the basis for all subsequent training. Aeronautical decision making and risk
management are introduced. The
development of solid cockpit/checklist management and collision avoidance
habits is emphasized. At the conclusion
of this phase the pilot will be able to safely and confidently conduct solo
operations within a 25 NM radius of the airport.
Lesson one:
Preflight actions, preflight inspection, introduction
Aeronautical Decision Making/Risk Assessment, introduction to weather/weather
products, introduction to scanning, introduction to ground operations,
introduction to radio procedures.
Optional:
introduction to high speed taxi.
Completion standards: Identify FAR/AIM, identify four risk
categories, recognize inspection flow, and identify preflight briefings.
Lesson two:
Four fundamentals
- Straight and level emphasize scan
- Level turns, shallow, medium and steep…demonstrate adverse yaw.
- Climbs, Vy, Vx, and cruise…demonstrate left turning tendencies
- Descents with power reduction, pitch only
Introduction to VFR X/C procedures…chart/environment
correlation…practice area familiarization.
Introduction to hand placement/control pressure sensitivity
Introduction to pre-maneuver checklist…introduction VFR
pattern entry
Optional: demonstration
stall
Completion standards:
Maintain altitude +/- 200 feet, headings +/- 20º
Lesson Three:
Slow flight and stalls
1. Airspeed
adjustment including Minimum Controllable Airspeed (MCA)
2. Power
off stalls and recovery. Initial
recovery with pitch only progression to balked landing configuration (also
known as go-around). Power off stalls in
various drag configurations (no flaps/gear = clean) (full flaps/gear = dirty)
3. Power-on
stalls (also known as departure stalls)
Progressively slower flight during slow flight…later mimic
traffic pattern sequence of events with goes around after “landing” stall
Optional
introduce slips
Completion standards:
Retain composure and situational awareness throughout maneuvers. Perform pre-maneuver checklist/go-around from
memory. Verbalize spin recovery
procedures without error.
Lesson Four:
Skills practice
Completion standards:
Four fundamentals +/- 150 feet, headings +/- 15º, slow flight stalls with
minimal instructor input, airspeed +/- 5
Optional flight
to nearby airport/refueling procedures
Lesson Five:
Ground Reference Maneuvers, review one air-work maneuver,
slip to ground reference maneuver, add “suitable place to land” to pre-maneuver
checklist, altitude determined by chart analysis, tracking straight line via
crab/slip, turns around a point L/R; rectangular course L/R
Optional:
S-turns, 8s on pylons
Completion Standards:
Maintain Situational Awareness; Altitude +/- 100 feet
Lesson Six:
Pattern operations:
High speed taxi; stabilized approach; normal landing; slip to landing;
landing at flap settings 0 º, 10 º, 20 º, 30º; low approach; go-around from
various stages including flare; power –off approaches; engine failure during
takeoff roll; immediately after take-off (verbalize), during pattern; x-wind
takeoff/landing
Optional:
Short/soft field procedures.
Completion Standards:
10 takeoffs/landings in a row without instructor input either verbal/physical
with aircraft on a stabilized approach +/- 5 KIAS. 100% verbalization of pattern including engine
failure/go-around with no error.
Lesson Seven:
Emergency Procedures:
Review all emergency/abnormal procedures IAW POH.
Optional: X/C to
local airport
Completion Standards:
100% verbalization of all bold face procedures.
Lesson Eight:
Pre-solo stage check:
Review of all maneuvers.
Optional: X/C to
local airport
Completion Standards:
IAW WCFC pre-solo expectations/Chief Flight Instructor discretion.
Presolo
training checklist
Authorization to train
US Citizen verified and endorsed or
Authorized foreign national
SOLO FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENT PILOTS [61.87(a)-(e),
(m)]
q Pass pre-solo written exam
(administered by instructor who endorses the student pilot's certificate) on:
q
The
portions of FAR 61 and 91 applicable to student pilots.
q
The
flight characteristics and operating limitations of the make and model of
aircraft to be flown.
q
Club
SOPs and Flight Standards.
q Pre-solo flight training on the
following items:
q
Flight
preparation
q Preflight inspection
q Power-plant operation
q Aircraft systems
q Taxiing or surface operations,
including run-up
q Takeoffs and Landings
q
Normal
q
Crosswind
q Straight and Level Flight
q Turns in both directions
q
Shallow
bank
q
Medium
bank
q
Steep
bank (45°)
q Climbs
q Climbing turns
q Airport traffic patterns
q
Entry
procedures
q
Departure
procedures
q
Collision
avoidance
q
Wake
turbulence avoidance
q Descents
q
Without
turns
q High drag configuration
q Low drag configuration
q
With
turns
q High drag configuration
q Low drag configuration
q Flight at various airspeeds,
including
q
Cruise
q
Minimum
controllable (Vso & Vsl)
q Emergency procedures
q Equipment malfunctions
q Ground reference maneuvers
q
Rectangular
course
q
Turns
around a point
q
S-turns
q Approaches to landing area with:
q
Power
at idle
q
Partial
power
q Slips to landing
q Go around in various flight
configurations, including turns
q
From
final approach
q
From
landing flare
q Forced landing procedures initiated
during
q
Takeoff
q
Initial
climb
q
Cruise
q
Descent
q
Landing
pattern
q Stall entries from various flight
attitudes/power combinations with recovery initiated
q
At
first indication of a stall
q
From
a full stall
q ALL training has been properly
recorded in the student's training folder and logbook
q Endorsement in student's logbook for pre-solo
aeronautical knowledge
q Endorsement in the student's logbook for
pre-solo flight training in the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
q Endorsement on the Student Pilot Certificate for
solo in the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
q Endorsement in the student's logbook for solo
each additional 90 days by the instructor who has flown with the student.
Lesson Nine:
Dual: Review any items noted during stage check
Solo: Three take-offs/landings to a full stop
Optional: Up to six
total takeoffs/landings
Completion Standards:
Safely execute all operations
Stage II: Cross
Country and beyond
This stage builds upon
previously learned skills. At the
conclusion of this stage the pilot will have completed the majority of the
required training events. The
culmination of this training is the “long” solo cross country. Lessons are not necessarily sequential, for
example unusual attitudes are not required prior to solo cross country flights.
Solo flight one: pattern
work one hour.
Solo flight two: Once
around pattern, out to the training area, one maneuver, and return to land;
repeat up to three times.
Lesson Ten:
Cross Country Procedures: Flight planning and
execution. Focus on day VFR procedures
using pilotage and dead reckoning.
Include flight following and VFR flight plan procedures.
Optional: short/soft
field.
Completion Standards:
Navigate to selected airport and communicate with minimal instructor input.
Solo flight three: Once
around pattern, out to the training area, one maneuver, land at nearby airport
and refuel; return to training area, one maneuver, return to departure
airfield.
Lesson Eleven:
Introduction to night; one hour ground instruction
emphasizing night operations, the physiology of the eye, night vision, night
illusions, required equipment, and regulatory guidance. Pattern work and out to the training area and
return.
Optional: short/soft
field/short navigation to nearby airport.
Completion Standards:
Navigate to selected airport and communicate with minimal instructor input.
Lesson Twelve:
Night Cross Country and class C procedures; VFR X/C
procedures to Class C airport; airfield markings, ATC procedures, FBO
operations, VOR tracking/orientation, lost/divert procedures
Optional: short/soft
field, four fundamentals by instrument reference
Completion Standards:
Navigate to selected airport and communicate with minimal instructor input.
Lesson Thirteen:
Flight by reference to instrument/unusual attitudes
Optional: Class
C/ Cross Country procedures resolution of any outstanding issues/ tasks that do
not meet completion standards/ student selected tasks
Completion Standards:
+/- 150 feet, +/- 10 degrees, +/- 5 KIAS, recovery from unusual attitudes
with no instructor input
Lesson Fourteen:
Specialty take-off/landings…short and soft field procedures
Optional: Class
C/ Cross Country/ VOR tracking procedures resolution of any outstanding issues/
tasks that do not meet completion standards/ student selected tasks
Completion Standards:
+/- 150 feet, +/- 10 degrees, +/- 5 KIAS
Solo flight four: Specialty
take off, once around pattern, out
to the training area, one maneuver, specialty landing at nearby airport and
refuel; specialty takeoff, one maneuver will returning to home airfield.
Solo flight five Cross country:
Navigation to an airport with a straight-line distance over 50
NM. Flight may be repeated as necessary
Solo flight six Long Cross country:
Solo navigation to meet the requirements of 61.109. Three airports with control towers, with one
long leg, total flight time estimated 4.5 hours…suggested route
TTA>GSO>FLO>FAY>TTA
Stage III: Checkride
Preparation
The successful completion of the
FAA checkride marks this stage.
Lesson Fifteen: Checkride preparation…cross country
procedures to airport where checkride will occur. Slow flight, stalls, steep turns, ground
reference maneuvers, short/soft field, flight by reference to instruments,
unusual attitudes, VOR tracking, lost/divert procedures, engine failure,
go-around, other emergency procedures both practical demonstration and verbal
quiz
Optional: Any
remaining Aeronautical Experience items
Completion Standards:
Practical Test Standards may be repeated as necessary
Solo flight seven: As
required to refine any tasks not to practical test standards, normally to the
airport where the checkride occur.
Aeronautical Experience Minimum
q
40 hours total flight time
q
20 hours of dual training
q 3
hours of dual cross-country flight training
q 3
hours of dual night flight training
q One
night dual cross-country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance
q 10
night takeoffs and 10 night landings to a full stop with each landing involving
a flight in the traffic pattern at an airport.
q 3
hours of flight training by reference to instruments, including straight and
level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading,
recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications and the use of
navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument
flight;
q 3
hours of flight training in preparation for the practical test, which must have
been performed within 60 days preceding the date of the test the proceeding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.
q
10 hours of solo flight
q At
least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight
q One
solo cross-country flight of at least 150 nautical miles total distance, with
full-stop landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the flight
consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 nautical miles between
the takeoff and landing locations.
q Three
solo takeoffs and three landings to a full stop with each landing involving a
flight in the traffic pattern at an airport with an operating control tower.
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